Reduced secretion of one or more of the hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland is called hypopituitarism, which is a rare and frequently underdiagnosed condition. It could be concluded that longitudinal LV strains are increased in both congenital and acquired treated hypopituitarism. No significant differences could be confirmed in LV strains between patients with congenital and acquired hypopituitarism. Only LV longitudinal and area strains proved to be significantly increased in patients with hypopituitarism, other LV strains did not differ between patients and controls. Out of the 32 patients with hypopituitarism, 30 patients had growth hormone deficiency, 27 patients had central adrenal insufficiency, 12 patients had central hypothyroidism, 12 patients had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and 5 patients had diabetes insipidus. Their results were compared to age- and gender-matched controls (mean age: 55.3±4.7 years, 14 males). The remaining patient group consisted of 16 patients with congenital hypopituitarism and 16 patients with acquired form of hypopituitarism. We investigated 38 patients with treated hypopituitarism who were in sinus rhythm (57.0☑3.6 years, 19 males), 6 patients were excluded from the study due to inferior image quality. The present prospective study was designed to test whether treated hypopituitarism is associated with changes in 3DSTE-derived LV strains in patients without known cardiovascular disorder. Symptoms of hypopituitarism are highly dependent on which hormones are insufficient. Hypopituitarism can be present at birth called congenital or may develop due to acquired causes like tumor, infection, infiltration, vascular or other causes. In conclusion, sperm head morphometry can be used as a potential biophysical marker for detecting volumetric changes during capacitation process in bovine spermatozoa.Reduced secretion of one or more of the hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland is called hypopituitarism, which is a rare and frequently underdiagnosed condition. Significant correlations were observed between sperm size and AR pattern ( r=−0.875, P<0.01). Interestingly, after 6 h of incubation in TCMH, the percentage of B and AR patterns increased drastically over time and marked differences were found in the dimensional and shape parameters, which were significantly smaller compared with TBM or TCM media ( P<0.001). After 3 h of incubation under TCMH conditions, a significant increase was observed in the percentage of B and AR patterns and a significant decrease was found in all sperm morphometric parameters ( P<0.01). Aliquots of sperm were processed for morphometric analysis at different incubation-time intervals (0, 3 and 6 h at 38☌), and the chlortetracycline assay was used simultaneously to confirm the ability of the sperm to undergo capacitation (B pattern) and the acrosome reaction (AR pattern) status in each medium.
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To further test this hypotesis, aliquots of pooled, washed bovine sperm were incubated in either Tyrode’s complete medium with heparin (TCMH a capacitating medium containing Ca 2+, NaHCO 3 and heparin), Tyrode’s complete medium heparin-free (TCM a medium containing just Ca 2+ and NaHCO 3) or Tyrode’s basal medium (TBM a non-capacitating medium free of Ca 2+, NaHCO 3 and heparin, used as control). In this study, sperm head morphometry was used to investigate its value as a biophysical marker for detecting volumetric changes in bovine spermatozoa under in vitro capacitating and non-capacitating incubation conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that sperm head morphometry can be used as a potential diagnostic tool for detecting biophysical changes associated with sperm viability in bovine spermatozoa.